Tooth Decay, Cavities & Enamel

What is the difference between a cavity and tooth decay?

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Short answer

Tooth decay is the ongoing process of enamel breakdown, while a cavity is the physical hole that results once decay has eaten through the tooth structure. In other words, decay is the disease, and a cavity is the visible damage it leaves behind.

About this answer: Prepared by the AllSmiles Dental Editorial Team for general information. Your dentist can advise you based on an examination and your individual needs.

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What causes enamel erosion?

Enamel erosion is caused by repeated acid exposure from sources like sugary or carbonated drinks, acidic foods, frequent vomiting, or acid reflux, rather than by bacteria directly. Unlike decay, erosion wears the tooth surface down smoothly and can leave teeth looking yellow and feeling sensitive.

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What is tooth decay and how does it start?

Tooth decay begins when bacteria in plaque feed on sugars and produce acid that gradually breaks down the tooth's enamel. Left untreated, this acid attack progresses from the outer enamel into the softer dentin layer, eventually forming a cavity.

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What are the early signs of tooth decay?

Early tooth decay often shows up as a white or brown spot on the enamel, mild sensitivity to sweet or cold foods, or a rough patch you can feel with your tongue. At this stage it's usually painless, which is why routine dental checkups catch it before symptoms appear.

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