Tooth Decay, Cavities & Enamel

What are the early signs of tooth decay?

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Short answer

Early tooth decay often shows up as a white or brown spot on the enamel, mild sensitivity to sweet or cold foods, or a rough patch you can feel with your tongue. At this stage it's usually painless, which is why routine dental checkups catch it before symptoms appear.

About this answer: Prepared by the AllSmiles Dental Editorial Team for general information. Your dentist can advise you based on an examination and your individual needs.

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Can tooth decay be reversed once it starts?

Very early decay, before a cavity has formed, can sometimes be reversed with fluoride treatment and improved oral hygiene, since enamel can remineralize at this stage. Once a cavity has actually formed, though, the damaged structure cannot heal itself and needs a filling or similar restoration.

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What causes enamel erosion?

Enamel erosion is caused by repeated acid exposure from sources like sugary or carbonated drinks, acidic foods, frequent vomiting, or acid reflux, rather than by bacteria directly. Unlike decay, erosion wears the tooth surface down smoothly and can leave teeth looking yellow and feeling sensitive.

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What is tooth decay and how does it start?

Tooth decay begins when bacteria in plaque feed on sugars and produce acid that gradually breaks down the tooth's enamel. Left untreated, this acid attack progresses from the outer enamel into the softer dentin layer, eventually forming a cavity.

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