Gum Disease, Gingivitis & Periodontitis

What causes gum disease?

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Short answer

Gum disease is caused by plaque that hardens into tartar along and under the gumline, triggering an ongoing inflammatory response. Smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, and poor oral hygiene are risk factors that increase the rate of disease progression.

About this answer: Prepared by the AllSmiles Dental Editorial Team for general information. Your dentist can advise you based on an examination and your individual needs.

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Is gum disease linked to other health problems?

Yes, research has linked periodontitis to conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and complications in pregnancy, likely due to the chronic inflammation it causes. This is one reason why dentists treat gum disease as a health issue, not just a cosmetic one.

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Can gum disease be reversed?

Gingivitis, the early stage, is fully reversible with professional cleaning and consistent oral hygiene. Periodontitis, however, involves permanent bone and tissue loss, so treatment at that stage focuses on stopping further damage rather than restoring what's already been lost.

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